Ultraviolet (UV) light is part of the electromagnetic spectrum and invisible to the human eye.ultraviolet uv light The sun emits UV radiation and it is also produced by artificial sources used in industry and commerce. Exposure to UV radiation can be harmful to the skin and eyes, causing a number of conditions. Some people are unable to tolerate UV exposure at all, and others can suffer permanent damage even after minimal exposure. UV exposure is also known to cause certain types of cancer, as well as cataracts and pterygium.
There are three primary groups of UV radiation, defined by their wavelengths: ultraviolet A (UVA), ultraviolet B (UVB) and ultraviolet C (UVC).ultraviolet uv light The sun's ozone layer absorbs most UVB and some UVC, so UVA is the most common type of UV radiation to reach the Earth's surface. UVC is the most hazardous of the three because it damages the DNA of cells and causes cell mutations, which can lead to cancer.
The UVA rays of the sunlight that reach the Earth are weaker than the UVB rays, but they have enough energy to make some chemicals react with one another in ways that can be beneficial or harmful.ultraviolet uv light For example, they can help synthesize vitamin D in the skin. This synthesis is vital for the body's health, but too much exposure to UVA can result in sunburn and increased skin aging. UVA rays can also cause cataracts and pterygium, which are growths that can occur on the white part of the eye called the sclera.
Although it seems counterintuitive, UV light can be used to treat some skin conditions, such as psoriasis, according to Cancer Research UK.ultraviolet uv light The procedure, known as PUVA, involves taking a drug or applying a lotion that makes the skin sensitive to UV radiation. Then, a UV lamp is shone on the skin. PUVA can also be used to treat other conditions that affect the skin, including lymphoma, eczema and vitiligo.
UV radiation has enough energy to disrupt the chemical bonds in atoms, which is why it is often used for sterilizing surfaces and killing bacteria.ultraviolet uv light It is also used in photochemical reactions to produce new materials and dyes.
Scientists study celestial bodies, including the Sun, using special instruments that detect the UV region of the electromagnetic spectrum.ultraviolet uv light For example, the Sun emits a large amount of UV radiation at short wavelengths that can be detected by charge-coupled devices, which are highly sensitive to UV wavelengths. These observations reveal the surface temperatures of the hottest stars and can help identify the existence of intervening gas clouds between the Sun and quasars. In addition, the Sun's UV emissions can help determine the temperature of its outer layers and reveal other astronomical secrets. Scientists divide the UV spectrum into different regions based on its interaction with biological tissues. The divisions are near ultraviolet, middle ultraviolet and far ultraviolet.
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